RESUMO
The partial absence of teeth germs is a hereditaryor acquired congenital defect called hypodontia.The present report analyses and discusses hypodontiain permanent dentition on the basis ofeleven clinical cases. In these, the hypodontiacorresponded to mandibular central incisors,maxillary lateral incisors, maxillary canines, ormaxillary and mandibular premolars and molars.All these cases of hypodontia were recorded byphotographs of the oral cavity and/or by orthopantomographicstudies. Together with themost-frequent types of hypodontia already reportedin the literature, other unusual anomaliesthelack of permanent canines, central incisors,or molars - from both the maxillary andmandibular alveolar arches- were also detected (AU)
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Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adulto , Adolescente , Humanos , Anodontia/epidemiologia , Anormalidades Dentárias/epidemiologia , Dentição Permanente , Dente/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
Patients suffering from a cleft palate and/or cleftlip present evident anatomical defects in bothformations. However, these developmentaldisorders are often accompanied by importantdisturbances in other anatomical structures ofthe mouth and adjacent tissues that may affectnormal dental occlusion and, consequently, thebasic functions of mastication and phonation.The objectives of the present work were to describeand discuss the above structural modifications,presenting several clinical cases in whichthe anatomical defects are described togetherwith the functional implications. The anomaliesfound include important variations in the numberof teeth, the position, disposition and relationof the alveolar processes, and the impairmentof dental occlusion. In the cases studied,these anatomical defects have elicited prominentalterations in the normal functions of masticationand phonation, and also in facial aesthetics. Photographsof mouths, dental casts, and X-rays areused to illustrate our report
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Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Humanos , Fenda Labial/diagnóstico , Fenda Labial/cirurgia , Palato/patologia , Palato/fisiopatologia , Palato/ultraestrutura , Fissura Palatina/diagnóstico , Boca/fisiologia , Mastigação/fisiologia , Fonação/fisiologia , Oclusão Dentária , Fissura Palatina/classificação , Fissura Palatina/complicações , Fissura Palatina/patologia , Fissura Palatina/cirurgia , Boca/patologia , Boca/fisiopatologia , Boca/anatomia & histologia , BocaRESUMO
The activity of the enzyme cytochrome oxidase has been analyzed in the human substantia nigra at light microscope level. The distribution of this activity is relatively uniform in the substantia nigra, except in the caudomedial region of the pars compacta, where a reduction was observed. This nigral zone matched a region characterized by its relatively high content of acetylcholinesterase activity. Our results are analyzed with reference to data in the literature, showing the existence of a neuroanatomical and functional subdivision within the pars compacta. Our findings add new proof of the known neurochemical heterogeneity of the nigral complex (AU)
La actividad de la enzima citocromo oxidasa ha sido analizada en la sustancia negra humana a nivel de microscopía óptica. La distribución de dicha actividad es relativamente uniforme en la sustancia negra, con excepción de la región caudomedial de la partes compacta, donde se aprecia una reducción. Esta zona nigral correspondía a una región caracterizada por el contenido relativamente alto en actividad acetilcolinesterásico. Nuestros resultados se analizan con referencia a los datos publicados en la literatura, mostrando la existencia de una subdivisión neuroanatómica y funcional dentro de la partes compacta. Los hallazgos aportan nuevas evidencias sobre la conocida heterogeneidad neuroquímica del complejo nigral (AU)
